Version Control is a system that records changes to a file or set of files over time so that you can recall specific versions later. Coursera's Version Control catalogue teaches you how to track and manage changes to your code, collaborate with other developers, and maintain the history of your project's development. You'll learn different version control systems like Git, Mercurial, and Subversion, and will gain proficiency in concepts like commits, branches, merges, and rebasing. By the end of your learning journey, you'll have the skills to effectively manage codebase, prevent conflicts in project development, and ensure seamless team collaboration in software projects.